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To have only one instance of this object in the application that will handle all calls.

THIS IS CONSIDERED TO BE AN ANTI-PATTERN! FOR BETTER TESTABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY USE DEPENDENCY INJECTION!

• DB Connector
• Logger
• Lock file for the application (there is only one in the filesystem ...)

Singleton

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Singleton;

use Exception;

final class Singleton
{
    private static ?Singleton $instance = null;

    /**
     * gets the instance via lazy initialization (created on first usage)
     */
    public static function getInstance(): Singleton
    {
        if (self::$instance === null) {
            self::$instance = new self();
        }

        return self::$instance;
    }

    /**
     * is not allowed to call from outside to prevent from creating multiple instances,
     * to use the singleton, you have to obtain the instance from Singleton::getInstance() instead
     */
    private function __construct()
    {
    }

    /**
     * prevent the instance from being cloned (which would create a second instance of it)
     */
    private function __clone()
    {
    }

    /**
     * prevent from being unserialized (which would create a second instance of it)
     */
    public function __wakeup()
    {
        throw new Exception("Cannot unserialize singleton");
    }
}